What is Dyspareunia?

Dyspareunia means pain during sex. It can affect both women and men, but it is more common in women. Many people call it “painful intercourse.” This condition can make sex uncomfortable or even distressing. For some, it may affect relationships and self-esteem. Because dyspareunia is part of women’s sexual health, it is important to understand its causes and solutions. If you have pain during sex, you are not alone. Many people experience this at some point in their lives.

Common Symptoms of Dyspareunia

People with dyspareunia may notice different symptoms. These can vary from mild to severe. Often, the pain happens during or after sex. Sometimes, it starts even before sex begins. Here are some common signs:

Pain at the entrance of the vagina or deeper inside

Burning or aching feelings during intercourse

Sharp or stabbing pain with penetration

Pain that lasts after sex ends

Discomfort when inserting a tampon

Additionally, some people may feel anxious about sex because of the pain. This can lead to less interest in sexual activity.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are many reasons why someone might have dyspareunia. Sometimes, more than one cause is involved. Understanding these can help you find the right treatment. Common causes include:

Infections, such as yeast or urinary tract infections

Vaginal dryness, often due to menopause or breastfeeding

Skin conditions, like eczema or lichen sclerosus

Injuries or surgery in the pelvic area

Hormonal changes

Emotional factors, such as stress or past trauma

Certain medications that cause dryness or lower desire

Moreover, risk factors include age, past surgeries, and some chronic health problems. For example, people with endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease may have a higher risk. According to the World Health Organization, sexual pain is a common health concern for women worldwide.

How Dyspareunia is Diagnosed

If you have pain during sex, a doctor can help find the cause. First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may do a gentle physical exam. Sometimes, tests like swabs or blood work are needed. In some cases, your doctor may suggest an ultrasound. This helps check for problems inside the pelvis. Open communication with your doctor is important. Sharing details about your pain can help them find the best solution.

Treatment Options for Dyspareunia

Treatment for dyspareunia depends on the cause. Often, more than one approach is helpful. Here are some common treatments:

Using water-based lubricants to reduce dryness

Treating infections with medicine

Hormone therapy for menopause-related dryness

Physical therapy for pelvic floor muscles

Counseling or therapy for emotional concerns

Changing medications if they cause dryness

Sometimes, doctors may suggest other treatments based on your needs. Early treatment can improve comfort and sexual health.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

There are simple steps you can take to lower your risk of dyspareunia. These tips may also help manage symptoms:

Use gentle, unscented soaps to avoid irritation

Stay hydrated and eat a balanced diet

Practice relaxation techniques to reduce stress

Communicate openly with your partner about comfort

Take time with foreplay to increase natural lubrication

Avoid harsh or drying products in the genital area

Additionally, regular check-ups with your healthcare provider can help catch problems early. Prevention is easier when you know the risks.

When to See a Doctor

If you have ongoing pain during sex, it is important to seek help. You should see a doctor if:

The pain is severe or lasts a long time

You notice bleeding or unusual discharge

You have other symptoms, like fever or swelling

The pain affects your daily life or relationships

Remember, you do not have to live with pain. Many people find relief with the right care. Early treatment can prevent problems from getting worse.

Conclusion

Dyspareunia, or pain during sex, is a common but treatable condition. Many factors can contribute to painful intercourse, but help is available. If you have symptoms, do not wait. Consult a healthcare professional at Janatha Poly Clinic for personalised advice on dyspareunia. Early care can significantly improve your comfort and overall well-being.